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        <DIV id=efpContent><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;塔尔寺位于青海省西宁市西南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里处的湟中县城鲁沙尔镇。塔尔寺又名塔儿寺。得名于大金瓦寺内为纪念黄教创始人宗喀巴而建的大银塔，藏语称为&ldquo;衮本贤巴林&rdquo;，意思是&ldquo;十万狮子吼佛像的弥勒寺&rdquo;。它坐落在湟中县鲁沙尔镇西南隅的连花山坳中，是中国藏传佛教格鲁派（黄教）六大寺院之一，也是青海省首届一指的名胜古迹和全国重点文物保护单位。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寺庙简介</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">塔尔寺位于青海省西宁市湟中县鲁沙尔镇西南隅的莲花山坳中，是我国藏传佛教格鲁派（俗称黄教）创始人宗喀巴大师的诞生地，是藏区黄教六大寺院之一，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也是青海省首屈一指的名胜古迹和全国重点文物保护单位。距省会西宁市</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">26</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里。塔尔寺是青海省藏传佛教中的第一大寺院，原名塔儿寺，得名于寺中大金瓦殿内纪念宗喀巴的大银塔。塔尔寺自建立之日起，慢慢完善了一套自己的寺院宗教组织，寺院政治组织和寺院经济来源，文化生活等的体系化。其中最能体现塔尔寺各类组织完善的要算寺院庙会了。庙会既是僧侣的学经的好机会，又是他们娱乐的极佳时间。藏语称&ldquo;衮本贤巴林&rdquo;，意为十万佛像弥勒洲。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺始建于公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1379</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，距今已有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年的历史，占地面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余亩，寺院建筑分布于莲花山的一沟两面坡上，殿宇高低错落，交相辉映，气势壮观。位于寺中心的大金瓦殿，绿墙金瓦，灿烂辉煌，是该寺的主建筑，它与小金瓦殿（护法神殿），大经堂，弥勒殿，释迦殿，依诂殿，文殊菩萨殿，大拉让宫（吉祥宫），四大经院（显宗经院，密宗经院，医明经院，十轮经院）和酥油花院，跳神舞院，活佛府邸，如来八塔，菩提塔，过门塔，时轮塔，僧舍等建筑形成了错落有致，布局严谨，风格独特，集汉藏技术于一体的宏伟建筑群。殿内佛像造型生动优美，超然神圣。栩栩如生的酥油花，绚丽多彩的壁画和色彩绚烂的堆绣被誉为&ldquo;塔尔寺艺术三绝&rdquo;，寺内还珍藏了许多佛教典籍和历史，文学，哲学，医药，立法等方面的学术专著。每年举行的佛事活动&ldquo;四大法会&rdquo;更是热闹非凡，游人如潮。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺是青海省和中国西北地区的佛教中心和黄教的圣地，整座寺依山叠砌、蜿蜒起伏、错落有致、气势磅礴，寺内古树参天，佛塔林立，景色壮丽非凡。塔尔寺的酥油花雕塑也是栩栩如生，远近闻名。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">修建经过</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺的由来，先有塔，而后有寺，故名塔尔寺。塔尔寺建于明嘉靖年间，初建时只有一座圣塔，后几经扩建，目前共有大金瓦寺、小金瓦寺、花寺、大经堂、九间殿、大拉浪、如意塔、太平塔、菩提塔、过门塔等大小建筑共</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1000</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多座院落，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4500</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多间殿宇僧舍，规模宏大，宫殿、佛堂、习经堂、寝宫、喇嘛居住的扎厦以及庭院交相辉映，浑然一体，自古以来即为黄教中心及佛教圣地。寺庙的建筑涵盖了汉宫殿与藏族平顶的风格，独具匠心地把汉式三檐歇山式与藏族檐下巧砌鞭麻墙、中镶金刚时轮梵文咒和铜镜、底层镶砖的形式融为一体，和谐完美地组成一座汉藏艺术风格相结合的建筑群。塔尔寺不仅是中国的喇嘛教圣地，而且是造就大批藏族知识分子的高级学府之一，寺内设有显宗、密宗、天文、医学四大学院。此外，它还以酥油花、壁画和堆绣闻名于世，号称</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">塔尔寺三绝</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺是宗喀巴大师罗桑扎巴（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1357-1419</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的诞生地。宗喀巴大师早年学经于夏琼寺，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁去西藏深造，改革西藏佛教，创立格鲁派（黄教），成为一代宗师。传说他诞生以后，从剪脐带滴血的地方长出一株白旃檀树，树上十万片叶子，每片上自燃显现出一尊狮子吼佛像（释迦牟尼身像的一种），&ldquo;衮本&rdquo;（十万身像）的名称即源于此。宗喀巴去西藏</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年后，其母香萨阿切盼儿心切，让人捎去一束白发和一封信，要宗喀巴回家一晤。宗喀巴接信后，为学佛教而决意不返，给母亲和姐姐各捎去自画像和狮子吼佛像</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">幅，并写信说：&ldquo;若能在我出生的地点用十万狮子吼佛像和菩提树（指宗喀巴出生处的那株白旃檀树）为胎藏修建一座佛塔，就如与我见面一样&rdquo;。第二年，即明洪武十二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1379</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），香萨阿切在信徒们的支持下建塔，取名&ldquo;莲聚塔&rdquo;。此后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">180</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年中，此塔虽多次改建维修，但一直未形成寺院。明嘉靖三十九年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1560</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），掸师仁钦宗哲坚赞于塔侧倡建静房</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座修禅。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">17</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年后的万历五年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1577</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），复于塔之南侧建造弥勒殿。至此，塔尔寺初具规模。万历十年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1582</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）第三世达赖喇嘛索南嘉措第二次来青海，翌年春，由当地申中昂索从措卡请至塔尔寺。三世达赖向仁钦宗哲坚赞及当地申中、西纳、祁家、龙本、米纳等藏族部落昂索指示扩建塔尔寺，赐赠供奉佛像，并进行各种建寺仪式。从此，塔尔寺发展很快，先后建成达赖行宫、三世达赖灵塔殿、九间殿、依怙殿、释迦殿等。经四世达赖指示，万历四十年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1612</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）正月，正式建立显宗学院，讲经开法，标志着塔尔寺成为格鲁派的正规寺院。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名称由来</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺的由来，还得从藏传佛教格鲁派（黄教，俗称喇嘛教）创始人宗喀巴说起。相传宗喀巴于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1357</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年藏历</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日诞生在&ldquo;宗喀&rdquo;（今青海省湟中县塔尔寺），故人们尊称他&ldquo;宗喀巴&rdquo;。宗喀巴从小聪明过人，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁进夏宗寺受近事戒。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁入夏琼寺受沙弥戒，在此随高僧端智仁青学经</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁离开夏琼寺徒步赴卫藏学法，后来到后藏，朝拜各派名寺，遍访高僧名师，刻苦研习法学，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">29</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁在雅隆地区南杰拉康寺受比丘戒。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">34</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁时对佛教密乘教典、灌顶诸法均有很深的造诣，并到处去讲经讲法，在佛教界乃至社会上的地位不断提高。他于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1401</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1406</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年分别撰写了《菩提道次第广论》和《密宗道次第广论》，奠定了他创立格鲁派的理论思想基础。他一生中的著作达</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">170</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多卷。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　宗喀巴离家赴藏一心学法多年，其母香萨阿切思儿心切，让人捎去自己的一束白发，意在告诉他老母已白发苍苍，希望他回来一晤。宗喀巴为佛教事业决意不返，给母亲和姐姐各捎去一幅用自己的鼻血画成的自画像和狮子吼佛像，并在信中写到：&ldquo;若能在我出生地点用</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万狮子吼佛像和菩提树为胎藏，修建一座佛塔，就如同我见面一样。&rdquo;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1379</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，其母与众信徒按宗喀巴的意愿，用石片砌成一座莲聚塔，这便是塔尔寺最早的建筑物。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1577</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年在此塔旁建了一座明制汉式佛殿，称弥勒殿。由于先有塔，尔后才有寺，安多地区的汉族群众便将二者合称为塔尔寺。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寺内布局</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">壁画</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　壁画，是各个殿宇墙壁上绘画，它大多绘于布幔上，也有的直接绘于墙壁和栋梁上。壁画的染料采用天然石质矿物，因此具有色泽鲜艳，经久不变的特点。塔尔寺的壁画属喇嘛教画派，因此具有浓厚的印、藏风味。壁画内容，人物主次多属密乘教义，画面构想巧妙，布署适然，色调和谐，工艺精湛，手法细腻。</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">堆绣</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　堆绣，是塔尔寺独创的藏族艺术之一。它是用各种色彩艳丽的绸缎剪成各种佛像、人物、花卉、鸟兽等，然后以羊毛或棉花之类充实其中，再绣在布幔上。因此有明显的立体感，看上去，层次分明，栩栩如生。内容大都取材于佛教故事和宗教生活等。塔尔寺的堆绣制作精细，构图生动别致，色泽繁富绮丽，为美术界所称道。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">八宝如意塔</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　八宝如意塔，位于寺前广场。据说，这八个塔是为纪念佛祖释迦牟尼一生之中的八大功德而建造的，建于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1776</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。其造型大同小异，塔身高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，塔底周长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9.4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，底座面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5.7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米。塔身白灰抹面，底座青砖砌成，腰部装饰有经文，每个塔身南面还有一个佛龛，里面藏有梵文。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大金瓦殿</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　大金瓦殿，位于全寺正中。藏语称为&ldquo;赛尔顿庆莫&rdquo;，即金瓦的意思。其建筑面积为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">450</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米。大金瓦殿初建于公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1560</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，后于公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1711</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，用黄金</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1300</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两，白银一万多两改屋顶为金顶，形成了三层重檐歇山式金顶，后来又在檐口上下装饰了镀金云头、滴水莲瓣。飞脊装有宝塔及一对&ldquo;火焰掌&rdquo;。四角设有金刚</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">套兽和铜铃。底层为硫璃砖墙壁，二层是边麻墙藏窗，突出金色梵文宝镜，正面柱廊用藏毯包裹，殿内还悬挂着乾</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">隆皇帝御赐的金匾，匾额题字为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">梵教法幢</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。进入大金瓦殿内，迎面矗立着</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12.5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米高的大银塔，这就是宗喀巴诞生的地方。大银塔以纯银作底座，镀以黄金，并镶嵌各种珠宝，裹以数十层白色&ldquo;哈达&rdquo;，以示高贵。塔上有一龛，内塑有宗喀巴像，塔前陈放有各式酥油灯盏，银鼓号角，玉炉金幢。梁枋上布满了帷、幡、绣佛、围帐及布陈天花藻井，层层哈达，琳琅满目。整个建筑庄严大方，雄伟壮观，阳光之下，金光灿烂，光彩夺目。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小金瓦寺</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　小金瓦寺又名为护法神殿。初建于明朝崇祯四年（即公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1631</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年）。寺中回廊陈设野牛、羊、熊、猴等标本。据说，这些走兽标本象征一切恶魔鬼怪已被神征服。殿的左边有一匹白马标本，相传是三世达赖喇嘛从西藏拉萨到青海塔尔寺骑的。三世达赖喇嘛朝拜塔尔寺之后，要去蒙古传经说道，这匹白马怎么也不肯走，于是便留下来，不久，马不食而死。后人把它当神马，和家神陈列供奉。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">塔尔寺大经堂　</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　大经堂是土木结构的藏式平顶建筑，是塔尔寺建筑中规模最大的。其建筑面积近</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千平方米，是拥有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">168</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根大柱的大型经堂，初建于明朝万历三十四年，即公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1606</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。它是寺院喇嘛集中诵经的地方，堂内设有佛团垫，可供千余喇嘛集体打座诵经。内部陈设非常考究，饰有黄、红、绿、蓝、白五色的幡、帏和各式天花藻井，满堂林立；还有珍贵的大型堆绣挂佛、刺绣佛；梁檐上绘有藏式风格的图案花纹，彩画细腻生动。殿内大柱都由龙凤彩云的藏毯包裹，整个经堂五彩缤纷，富丽堂皇。在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千多平方米的屋面上，按照宗教法制和</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">西藏传统艺术、装有铜制镏金的金鹿法轮、各式金幢、宝瓶、宝塔、宝伞和倒钟等，把一个单调的草泥平顶打扮得绚丽多彩。远眺平顶，金碧辉煌，给人以威严之感。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小花寺</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　小花寺又名长寿佛殿，是为七世达速喇嘛念长寿经而建的，故名长寿佛殿。它已形成一个小型院落。正面为硫璃砖墙突出的小门，玲珑别致。院内种有菩提树，树叶茂盛，浓荫蔽日，清洁优雅。殿内塑有释迦牟尼等佛像三十多座。木刻浮雕，层层重叠，佛龛背景，雕木绘金。手工雕饰精湛细致，是塔尔寺木刻艺术的结晶所在。其外形为二层代檐廊重檐歇山顶、屋顶四角翘起，斗拱精巧明快，犹如一幅优美的木雕画图。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">历史</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　由于塔尔寺是宗喀巴大师的降生地，成为信徒们向往的出名圣地。历史上，第三、四、五、七、十三、十四世达赖喇嘛和六、九、十世班禅大师均在这里驻锡过。同时，它也受到历代中央王朝的高度重视。根据记载，从清康熙以来，朝廷向塔尔寺多次赐赠，有匾额、法器、佛像、经卷、佛塔等。该寺的阿嘉、赛赤、拉科、色多、香萨、西纳、却西等活佛系统，清时被封为呼图克图或诺们汗。其中，阿嘉、赛赤、拉科为驻京呼图克图，有的还当过北京雍和宫和山西五台山的掌印喇嘛。正是因为这些</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特殊原因，塔尔寺迅速发展，规模越来越大，成为藏传佛教格鲁派蜚声国内外的六大寺院之一。现存塔尔寺总建筑</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9300</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余间，占地</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">600</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余亩，殿堂</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座，主要为大金瓦殿、大经堂、九间殿、小金瓦殿、花寺、大拉让、弥勒佛殿、释迦佛殿、依怙殿等。最盛时有僧侣</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3600</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多人，全国解放初期尚有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1983</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人。由于历史积累，该寺文物极为丰富，富丽堂皇的建筑、琳琅满目的法器、千姿百态的佛像和浩瀚的文献藏书，使寺院成为一座艺术的宝库。特别是该寺的壁画、堆绣、酥油花，被称为&ldquo;艺术三绝&rdquo;，驰名中外。该寺设有显宗、密宗、时轮、医明四大学院和欠巴扎仓，研习佛学和藏族语言、文字、天文、历算、医药、舞蹈、雕塑、绘画、建筑等各方面的知识，并于清道光七年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1827</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），创建该寺印经院，所印藏文经典及各种著述，畅销藏区各地。该寺于每年农历正月、四月、六月、九月分别举行</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">次全寺性的大型法会，称之为&ldquo;四大观经&rdquo;。届时，各地群众云集，规模盛大。另外，农历十月下旬有纪念宗喀巴圆寂的&ldquo;燃灯五供节&rdquo;和年终的送瘟神活动。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　全国解放后，塔尔寺受到国家重点保护，国务院公布为国家重点文物保护单位。人民政府历年拨款修葺，使之更加壮观，成为青海省最主要的<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>胜地。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺原来有完整的行政、宗教组织系统。其行政组织的最高权力机构是全体僧人经堂会议，由总法台主持，下设噶尔克会议和大吉哇。噶尔克会议是全体僧人经堂会议的常委会，由法台、大襄佐、大僧官、大老爷和六族干巴组成。大吉哇是噶尔克会议和全体僧人经堂会议的执行机关，由</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名吉索第巴（总管全寺内务</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">密宗经院</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的大老爷、负责对外联系的二老爷、负责财务的三老爷）和管理杂务的四老爷及藏汉文秘书各</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人组成。大吉哇下设管理全寺粮食的&ldquo;哲康&rdquo;、负责印刷经典的&ldquo;巴日康&rdquo;，并负责管理驻西宁办事机构金塔寺。宗教组织的总负责人仍为总法台，下设总引经师和大僧官各</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人，管辖四大学院，各学院设有本院堪布，堪布下设格贵（僧官）和经头。现由寺管会总理全寺寺务。目前共有寺僧</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">800</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余人（其中活佛</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 11</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人，主要为阿嘉、却藏、色多、却西、嘉雅、米纳、扎西、本布尔、杨家等，完德</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">63</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人）。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺位于西宁市南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里处的湟中县。塔尔寺是我国藏传佛教格鲁派六大寺院之一，是藏传佛教格鲁派</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黄教</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寺院，全称衮本绛巴林，意为十万金身慈氏州</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是格鲁派即黄教创始人宗喀巴的诞生地。该寺正式建于明朝万历</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年（公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1577</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年），</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1749</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，乾隆皇帝曾御赐寺额&ldquo;梵宗寺&rdquo;。塔尔寺是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1961</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年国务院第一批公布的全国重点文物保护单位之一，是藏汉建筑艺术相结合的佛教园林建筑群。寺内藏有丰富的文物，包括各种法器、千姿百态的佛像和浩瀚的藏文、蒙文和满文佛经和碑刻，是一座佛教艺术宝库。塔尔寺建筑物高低起伏，错落有致，集藏、汉、梵建筑风格于一体。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　如来八塔是赞颂释迦牟尼一生八大功德的宝塔。呈一线形，分别为：聚莲塔、菩提塔、多门塔、降魔塔、降凡塔、息诤塔、胜利塔、涅盘塔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每座塔的底边长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9.4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米。建于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1776</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。其造</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">型大同小异，塔身高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，塔底周长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9.4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米，底座面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5.7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米。塔身白灰抹面，底座青砖砌成，腰部装饰有经文，每个塔身南面还有一个佛龛，里面藏有梵文。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　酥油花、堆绣、壁画被称为塔尔寺的艺术&ldquo;三绝&rdquo;。每年的农历正月、四月、六月、九月分别举行四次大的法会。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺以大金瓦寺为中心，主要建筑依山傍塬，有大金瓦寺、大经堂、弥勒殿、九间殿、花寺、小金瓦寺、居巴扎仓、丁科扎仓、曼巴扎仓、大拉浪、大厨房、如意宝塔等</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9300</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余间（座），组成一庞大的藏汉结合的建筑群，占地面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">45</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万平方米。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　大金瓦寺又称大金瓦殿，藏语称为&ldquo;赛而顿&rdquo;，即金瓦的意思。始建于明嘉靖年间，面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">456</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米，下为藏式&ldquo;须弥座&rdquo;，上为重檐歇山鎏金瓦顶，回廊周匝。底层前出附阶，为信徒礼拜场所。檐口饰鎏金云头挂板，正脊安装鎏金宝瓶及火焰宝珠等。殿内有高达</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米的大银塔</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座。外壁墙面遍贴绿琉璃砖，间以黄琉璃花饰。殿两侧各建弥勒殿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　大经堂始建于明万历三十四年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1606</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），毁于火，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年重建。土木结构，为藏式双层平顶建筑，汉式楼阁遥相互映。经堂面阔十三间，进深十一间。面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1981</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米。堂内四壁存放着数百册经卷。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　九间殿又称文殊菩萨殿，为汉式硬山顶建筑，面阔九间，进深三间，面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">592</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方米。初建于明万历二十年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1592</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），清雍正十二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1734</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）扩建。廊柱为藏式朱色八楞柱。整座大殿以三间为一单元，由北向南分别为狮子吼佛殿、文殊殿和宗喀巴殿。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度母殿的绿度母</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 花寺又称祈寿殿，建于清康熙五十六年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1717</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），系一独立的小庭院，殿为两层重檐歇山顶建筑。柱头梁枋都饰以飞禽、走兽、花卉、文纹，院墙饰琉璃砖雕。殿内供奉释迦牟尼、十六罗汉和四大金刚等塑像。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　小金瓦寺藏语称&ldquo;旃康&rdquo;，是塔尔寺的护法竦睿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">ㄓ诿鞒珈跛哪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?1631)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。殿分上下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">层，底层和中层面阔七间，进深五间。底层为三面封闭的殿堂，中层为明窗式，在藏式双层平顶建筑上增建面阔三间的汉式歇山顶单檐建筑，清嘉庆七年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1802)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改为鎏金铜瓦顶。殿内有佛像、鎏金宝塔、经卷、白马标本等。院内两侧和前方有绘满各式壁画的壁画廊，为两层藏式建筑。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　大拉浪由经堂、华门、牌坊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座殿堂组成，为汉藏合璧式建筑，是塔尔寺总法台的居住处，达赖、班禅曾驻跸于此。居巴扎仓</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">密宗学院</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系藏式平顶建筑。曼巴扎仓、丁科扎仓属汉藏结合建筑。宝塔数十座，其中并列于寺前的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">座如意宝塔，方座，瓶形塔身，尖顶，根据释迦牟尼一生重要经历和传说建成。</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最后终于有了塔尔寺。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寺内收藏</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　塔尔寺内收藏有大量鎏金铜佛像、铜佛像、金银灯、金书藏经、木刻板藏经、法器、灵首塔、御赐匾额、壁画、堆绣等文物。其中壁画与堆绣、酥油花被誉为塔尔寺三绝。壁画多以矿物颜料画在布幔上，内容主要为经变、时轮、佛等。堆绣是用各色绸缎、羊皮、棉花等在布幔上堆绣成佛、菩萨、天王、罗汉、尊者、花卉、鸟兽等图案。</span></span></p>
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